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Last edited: Sep 19, Gorgiewave Senior Member Madrid. Safe Search. Greater group sizes result in higher visibility and detection rates for predators, but this relation is not directly proportional and saturates at some point, while the risk of being attacked for an individual is directly proportional to group size. After all, we have shepherds, not shepflocks. Flock of Cows on the beach meadow. Domestic animals captured in Bohinj valley Slovenia. Only with people. The term herd is also applied metaphorically to human beings in social psychology , with the concept of herd behaviour.

Tom PS: Just spotted Panj's post. Wikimedia Commons. The term has acquired a semi-technical usage in behavioral finance to describe the largest group of market investors or market speculators who tend to "move with the market", or "follow the general market trend". Thus, the net effect for an individual in a group concerning its predation risk is beneficial. Just ask the average farmer if you really want to know. Traditional herding of goats in Greece. You cannot download or purchase for any new licenses. If the resource availability is critical, competition within the group may get so intense, that animals no longer experience benefits from living in groups. Log in Register. Although the dilution effect is influenced by so called selfish herding , it is primarily a direct effect of group size instead of the position within a herd.

For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Tom PS: Just spotted Panj's post. Retrieved April 13, Domestic animals captured in Bohinj valley Slovenia. Live chat. The form of collective animal behavior associated with this is referred to as herding. Can we use the same term we use for groups of sheep? The reason why animals form herds can not always be stated easily, since the underlying mechanisms are diverse and complex.

I'm surprised to see the definition include the bit about " Consequently, maintaining adequate body temperatures becomes less energetically costly. Similar stock images Herd of cattle and goats being moved along busy main road in Uganda. Upwash exploitation and downwash avoidance by flap phasing in ibis formation flight. It could be shown in many studies especially for birds that with increase in group size individual animals are less attentive, while the overall vigilance suffers little many eyes effect. Sign in Create an account Buy images Sell images. Sort by. Green spring nature with domestic animals. Overgrazing is not caused by nomadic grazers in huge populations of travel herds, [1] [2] nor by holistic planned grazing.

That's a nice compilation. The role of passive defense selfish herd and dilution effect in the gregarious nesting of Liostenogaster wasps Vespidae, Hymenoptera, Stenogastrinae. Image orientation. Wildebeest in Masai Mara during the Great Migration. Search Advanced search…. Consequently, maintaining adequate body temperatures becomes less energetically costly. Archived from the original PDF on March 8, Extended licenses. Similar stock images Herd of cattle and goats being moved along busy main road in Uganda.

Portrait of sheep. This implies that the decrease in overall vigilance arises simply because the geese on the edge of the flock comprise a smaller group when groups get large. Flock of beef cattle in the pasture in early spring. Ethology, 79 1 , 25— Image orientation. Extended licenses. When an association of animals or, by extension, people is described as a herd, the implication is that the group tends to act together for example, all moving in the same direction at a given time , but that this does not occur as a result of planning or coordination. Green meadow with flock of sheep and goats. If the resource availability is critical, competition within the group may get so intense, that animals no longer experience benefits from living in groups. You must log in or register to reply here.

Wikimedia Commons. A similar effect can be observed for fishes swimming together in fixed formations. African American. Many human groupings, such as army detachments or sports teams, show such coordination and differentiation of roles, but so do some animal groupings such as those of eusocial insects, which are coordinated through pheromones and other forms of animal communication. Retrieved 30 March Look up herd in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A flock of goats and sheep. Log in. Forums English Only English Only.

Log in Register. Birds flying together in a flock use aerodynamic effects to reduce energetic costs, e. This image is no longer for sale. Their behaviour may be quite different from that of wild herds of the same or related species, since both their composition in terms of the distribution of age and sex within the herd and their history in terms of when and how the individuals joined the herd are likely to be very different. Cattle flock on meadow. A flock of sheep grazes in a meadow. They divided the definition, one says about wildlife and the other one about animals herded by people. All this is quite confusing.

Current lightbox. Share Alamy images with your team and customers. Control animals are not necessarily, or even usually, those that are socially dominant in conflict situations, though they frequently are. Flock of white sheep grazing in a green meadow in France. Examples of herds in this sense include shepherds who tend to sheep , goatherds who tend to goats , and cowherds who tend to cattle. A flock of sheep on a beautiful mountain meadow. Zeitschrift Für Tierpsychologie, 57 3—4 , — Flock of Cows on the beach meadow. A close up of a sheep flock grazing on a meadow. The term has acquired a semi-technical usage in behavioral finance to describe the largest group of market investors or market speculators who tend to "move with the market", or "follow the general market trend".

A Flock of young white and brown goats on a green meadow. Flock of dirty sheep running in meadow through wooden fence. Optimal foraging-a selective review of theory and tests. The reason why animals form herds can not always be stated easily, since the underlying mechanisms are diverse and complex. Large groups of carnivores are usually called packs , and in nature a herd is classically subject to predation from pack hunters. Journal of Insect Behavior, 15 3 , — Green meadow. They divided the definition, one says about wildlife and the other one about animals herded by people.

Views Read Edit View history. Large groups of carnivores are usually called packs , and in nature a herd is classically subject to predation from pack hunters. Namespaces Article Talk. For other uses, see Covey disambiguation. A flock of goats and sheep. The long lists of collective nouns that can be found on the internet are largely nonsense. When an association of animals or, by extension, people is described as a herd, the implication is that the group tends to act together for example, all moving in the same direction at a given time , but that this does not occur as a result of planning or coordination. It cannot be assumed, however, that the control animal is deliberately taking a leadership role. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Flocking. Retrieved April 13,

Since foraging may be energetically costly searching, hunting, handling, etc. Domestic cattle on a green meadow, Germany. Since animals in groups stay in close proximity to each other and interact frequently, infectious diseases and parasites spread much easier between them compared to solitary living animals. Safe Search. Interface Language. Autumn nature. Individuals take turn in keeping guard, while all others participate in other activities. Flock of cattle cows in Uganda. Cattle flock on meadow.

With tall grasses. Flock of sheep grazing in meadow. Color Composition Any Color Monochrome. The reason why animals form herds can not always be stated easily, since the underlying mechanisms are diverse and complex. Boy watching over flock of sheep on meadow. In Kovilj, Serbia. Optimal foraging-a selective review of theory and tests. A flock of sheep on a beautiful mountain meadow.

Interface Language. Journal of Insect Behavior, 15 3 , — Only with people. Hi there! What was your first choice when you saw my thread? Goats and flock of sheep grazing in the meadow. Namespaces Article Talk. No People. Suehil Medemod Tillou, France. By clicking OK, you are confirming that this image is only to be used for the rights in the existing license.

The role of passive defense selfish herd and dilution effect in the gregarious nesting of Liostenogaster wasps Vespidae, Hymenoptera, Stenogastrinae. Color Composition Any Color Monochrome. Hello, Do you say "a flock of cows" or "a herd of cows" please? Suehil Medemod Tillou, France. Image orientation. Download as PDF Printable version. Flock of sheep lying in a green meadow. By clicking OK, you are confirming that this image is only to be used for the rights in the existing license. Agent-based models Ant colony optimization Boids Crowd simulation Particle swarm optimization Swarm intelligence Swarm simulation.

You must log in or register to reply here. Forums English Only English Only. However, only the relative importance of within- and between-group competition determines the optimal group size and ultimately the decision of each individual whether or not to stay in the group. Flock of white sheep grazing in a green meadow in France. The long lists of collective nouns that can be found on the internet are largely nonsense. Gender Any Male Female. Reset All Filters. Raised livestock. Wikimedia Commons. Wildebeest in Masai Mara during the Great Migration.

What was your first choice when you saw my thread? Flock of sheep grazing in a hill. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Goats and flock of sheep grazing in the meadow. Examples of herds in this sense include shepherds who tend to sheep , goatherds who tend to goats , and cowherds who tend to cattle. Understanding the social behaviour of animals and the formation of groups has been a fundamental goal in the field of sociobiology and behavioural ecology. Current lightbox. OK Cancel.

Extended licenses. While animals under the risk of predation are feeding or resting, they have to stay vigilant and watch for predators. Greater group sizes result in higher visibility and detection rates for predators, but this relation is not directly proportional and saturates at some point, while the risk of being attacked for an individual is directly proportional to group size. The form of collective animal behavior associated with this is referred to as herding. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Herds. Thus, animals form groups whenever this increases their fitness compared to living in solitary. Upwash exploitation and downwash avoidance by flap phasing in ibis formation flight. Group size is an important characteristic of the social environment of gregarious species. No, only ever a flock.

In terms of Optimal foraging theory , animals always try to maximize their net energy gain when feeding, because this is positively correlated to their fitness. Members Current visitors. Group size is an important characteristic of the social environment of gregarious species. You cannot download or purchase for any new licenses. Cagey, moderator. This means food intake and other activities related to fitness are optimized in terms of time allocation when animals stay in groups. Thank you in advance, Tom. Although the dilution effect is influenced by so called selfish herding , it is primarily a direct effect of group size instead of the position within a herd.

Sign in Create an account Buy images Sell images. I would never say "a flock of cows", only "a herd of cows". Greater group sizes result in higher visibility and detection rates for predators, but this relation is not directly proportional and saturates at some point, while the risk of being attacked for an individual is directly proportional to group size. Cattle flock on meadow. Nature, , — Hunting together enables group-living predators, such as wolves and wild dogs, to catch large prey, what they are unable to achieve when hunting alone. A sheep flock grazing on a meadow. Portrait of sheep. Log in Register. A herd can be contrasted with a coordinated group where individuals have distinct roles.

All Photos Illustrations Videos Audio. Flock of wild cattle egret Bubulcus ibis flying over the green grass meadow. Reset All Filters. Flock of sheep lying in a green meadow. Safe Search. Green meadow. Group of wild cattle egret Bubulcus ibis flying over the green grass meadow. Flock of sheep in beautiful green meadow in Latvia. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file.

Sheep, rams and lambs. A flock of cows A herd of cows A herd of sheep A flock of sheep A flock of geese A herd of geese although some would accept this Note that pedants will insist it should be a gaggle of geese. Green spring nature with domestic animals. Overgrazing by poorly managed traditional herding is one of the primary causes of desertification and maquis degradation. Control animals are not necessarily, or even usually, those that are socially dominant in conflict situations, though they frequently are. Search within Editor's Choice. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Traditional herding of goats in Greece. Flock of wild cattle egret Bubulcus ibis flying over the green grass meadow.

Many human groupings, such as army detachments or sports teams, show such coordination and differentiation of roles, but so do some animal groupings such as those of eusocial insects, which are coordinated through pheromones and other forms of animal communication. Flock of sheep in beautiful green meadow in Latvia. For other uses, see Herd disambiguation. Birds flying together in a flock use aerodynamic effects to reduce energetic costs, e. To refer to cows as a "flock" sounds ludicrous. Ethology, 79 1 , 25— Similar stock images Herd of cattle and goats being moved along busy main road in Uganda. OK Cancel. Thank you in advance, Tom.

Gender Any Male Female. Log in. In Kovilj, Serbia. The role of passive defense selfish herd and dilution effect in the gregarious nesting of Liostenogaster wasps Vespidae, Hymenoptera, Stenogastrinae. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Current lightbox. Working together significantly improves foraging efficiency, meaning the net energy gain of each individual is increased when animals are feeding collectively. Thank you in advance, Tom. This means food intake and other activities related to fitness are optimized in terms of time allocation when animals stay in groups.

Flocks of raven are able to actively defend themselves against eagles and baboons collectively mob lions, which is impossible for individuals alone. If their energy requirement is fixed and additional energy is not increasing fitness, they will use as little time for foraging as possible time minimizers. Special collective nouns may be used for particular taxa for example a flock of geese, if not in flight, is sometimes called a gaggle but for theoretical discussions of behavioural ecology , the generic term herd can be used for all such kinds of assemblage. Optimal foraging-a selective review of theory and tests. They divided the definition, one says about wildlife and the other one about animals herded by people. While animals under the risk of predation are feeding or resting, they have to stay vigilant and watch for predators. Whenever groups, such as shoals of fish, synchronize their movements, it becomes harder for predators to focus on particular individuals. Although the dilution effect is influenced by so called selfish herding , it is primarily a direct effect of group size instead of the position within a herd.

Flock of cattle cows in Uganda. The long lists of collective nouns that can be found on the internet are largely nonsense. However, animals that are weak and slower or on the periphery are preferred by predators, so that certain positions within the group are better than others see selfish herd theory. When an association of animals or, by extension, people is described as a herd, the implication is that the group tends to act together for example, all moving in the same direction at a given time , but that this does not occur as a result of planning or coordination. Duke University. A close up of a sheep flock grazing on a meadow. Special collective nouns may be used for particular taxa for example a flock of geese, if not in flight, is sometimes called a gaggle but for theoretical discussions of behavioural ecology , the generic term herd can be used for all such kinds of assemblage. Control animals are not necessarily, or even usually, those that are socially dominant in conflict situations, though they frequently are. Share Alamy images with your team and customers.

Green meadow. Greater group sizes result in higher visibility and detection rates for predators, but this relation is not directly proportional and saturates at some point, while the risk of being attacked for an individual is directly proportional to group size. A group of sheep is a flock. Boy watching over flock of sheep on meadow. No People. Last edited: Sep 19, Large groups of carnivores are usually called packs , and in nature a herd is classically subject to predation from pack hunters. In Kovilj, Serbia.

A flock of white goats on a meadow. On the meadow. Theoretical framework is focused on the costs and benefits associated with living in groups in terms of the fitness of each individual compared to living solitarily. Current lightbox. The word herd , as a noun, can also refer to one who controls, possesses and has care for such groups of animals when they are domesticated. However both the term and concepts that underlie its use are controversial. Flock of cattle cows in Uganda. The role of passive defense selfish herd and dilution effect in the gregarious nesting of Liostenogaster wasps Vespidae, Hymenoptera, Stenogastrinae. Ethology, 79 1 , 25—

For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Thomas1 Senior Member polszczyzna warszawska. Image Orientation. For other uses, see Herd disambiguation. Agent-based model in biology Bait ball Collective animal behavior Feeding frenzy Flock Flocking Herd Herd behavior Mixed-species foraging flock Mobbing behavior Pack Pack hunter Patterns of self-organization in ants Shoaling and schooling Sort sol Symmetry breaking of escaping ants Swarming behaviour Swarming honey bee Swarming motility. That's a nice compilation. Search titles only. Flock of Cows on the beach meadow.

Thus, the net effect for an individual in a group concerning its predation risk is beneficial. JavaScript is disabled. Group size is an important characteristic of the social environment of gregarious species. This implies that the decrease in overall vigilance arises simply because the geese on the edge of the flock comprise a smaller group when groups get large. Archived from the original PDF on March 8, Green meadow with flock of sheep and goats. Flock of sheep lying in a green meadow. Studies have shown a positive relationship between herd size and intensity of infections, but the extend to which this sometimes drastic reduce in fitness governs group size and structure is still unclear. A close up of a sheep flock grazing on a meadow. Flock of sheep.

Share Alamy images with your team and customers. Thus, the net effect for an individual in a group concerning its predation risk is beneficial. Sheeps in a meadow on green grass at sunset. Flock of sheep grazing in meadow. Overgrazing by poorly managed traditional herding is one of the primary causes of desertification and maquis degradation. Thanks, would a herd of sheep work too? A group of Spinner dolphins is for instances able to force fish into a small confined space, which makes capturing prey particularly easy, as there is no way for the latter to flee. It is all pretty arbitrary.

The form of collective animal behavior associated with this is referred to as herding. A group of cows is a herd. Shackelford Eds. Last edited: Sep 19, A herd is a social group of certain animals of the same species, either wild or domestic. Evidence for the dilution effect in the selfish herd from fish predation on a marine insect. Boy watching over flock of sheep on meadow. Color composition. Sign in Create an account Buy images Sell images. Search Advanced search….

Similar stock images Herd of cattle and goats being moved along busy main road in Uganda. You cannot download or purchase for any new licenses. What was your first choice when you saw my thread? Gorgiewave Senior Member Madrid. Green meadow. Group size is an important characteristic of the social environment of gregarious species. Green spring nature with domestic animals. Live chat. Flock of sheep grazing on a beautiful green meadow. Sheep, rams and lambs.

Agent-based model in biology Bait ball Collective animal behavior Feeding frenzy Flock Flocking Herd Herd behavior Mixed-species foraging flock Mobbing behavior Pack Pack hunter Patterns of self-organization in ants Shoaling and schooling Sort sol Symmetry breaking of escaping ants Swarming behaviour Swarming honey bee Swarming motility. Current lightbox. Forums English Only English Only. A flock of sheep on a beautiful mountain meadow. Sort by. The word herd , as a noun, can also refer to one who controls, possesses and has care for such groups of animals when they are domesticated. Gorgiewave Senior Member Madrid. The following includes an outline about some of the major effects determining the trade-offs for living in groups.

A close up of a sheep flock grazing on a meadow. Views Read Edit View history. Similar stock images Herd of cattle and goats being moved along busy main road in Uganda. Archived from the original PDF on March 8, That's a nice compilation. Duke University. Flock of cattle cows in Uganda. From Contributor separated by comma.

Reset All Filters. Share Alamy images with your team and customers. Sign in Create an account Buy images Sell images. Extended licenses. Look up herd in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. What was your first choice when you saw my thread? Living in groups evolved independently multiple times in various taxa and can only occur if its benefits outweigh the costs within an evolutionary timescale. Farm for collecting wool for production.

Many human groupings, such as army detachments or sports teams, show such coordination and differentiation of roles, but so do some animal groupings such as those of eusocial insects, which are coordinated through pheromones and other forms of animal communication. With tall grasses. Similar stock images Herd of cattle and goats being moved along busy main road in Uganda. Group living. For other uses, see Covey disambiguation. However both the term and concepts that underlie its use are controversial. Green meadow. With the acknowledgment that birds also gather in flocks, let us hew to the narrower scope of this thread: What do we call groups of cows?

Only with people. In Spain. Autumn nature. The key argument is that the risk of being preyed upon for any particular individual is smaller within a larger group, strictly due to the fact that a predator has to decide which individual s to attack. Domestic cattle on a green meadow, Germany. Greater group sizes result in higher visibility and detection rates for predators, but this relation is not directly proportional and saturates at some point, while the risk of being attacked for an individual is directly proportional to group size. Share Alamy images with your team and customers. By clicking OK, you are confirming that this image is only to be used for the rights in the existing license. Many human groupings, such as army detachments or sports teams, show such coordination and differentiation of roles, but so do some animal groupings such as those of eusocial insects, which are coordinated through pheromones and other forms of animal communication.

Cattle breeding. Understanding the social behaviour of animals and the formation of groups has been a fundamental goal in the field of sociobiology and behavioural ecology. Flock of sheep lying in a green meadow. You cannot download or purchase for any new licenses. Since animals in groups stay in close proximity to each other and interact frequently, infectious diseases and parasites spread much easier between them compared to solitary living animals. Green spring nature with domestic animals. Flocks of raven are able to actively defend themselves against eagles and baboons collectively mob lions, which is impossible for individuals alone. Media Properties. Sheeps in a meadow on green grass at sunset. With tall grasses.

Upwash exploitation and downwash avoidance by flap phasing in ibis formation flight. Gender Any Male Female. Optimal foraging-a selective review of theory and tests. For other uses, see Covey disambiguation. Download as PDF Printable version. However, animals that are weak and slower or on the periphery are preferred by predators, so that certain positions within the group are better than others see selfish herd theory. Number of people. Whenever groups, such as shoals of fish, synchronize their movements, it becomes harder for predators to focus on particular individuals.